The global transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources has gained unprecedented momentum, especially with the CNG innovation. This shift is driven by the need to mitigate climate change, reduce environmental degradation, and create energy-efficient economies.
Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy and most populous nation, is no exception. One of the most pressing energy challenges Nigeria faces today is the reliance on Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), commonly known as petrol, as the primary fuel for transportation. A viable solution to this issue is the conversion of vehicles from PMS to Compressed Natural Gas.
This article explores the urgent need for this transition, highlighting its economic, environmental, and societal benefits, as well as the challenges and strategies for implementation.

Understanding PMS and CNG
PMS, derived from crude oil, is widely used in Nigeria to power vehicles and generators. However, its extensive use has contributed to various economic and environmental issues. This includes; fuel subsidy burdens, high greenhouse gas emissions, and urban air pollution.
On the other hand, CNG, a natural gas compressed to less than 1% of its standard atmospheric volume, is a cleaner and more efficient fuel alternative. CNG is primarily composed of methane, which burns more cleanly than petrol, producing significantly fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Statistics on PMS to CNG Conversion
In Nigeria, PMS to CNG conversion are promising. The trend towards adopting Compressed Natural Gas as a cleaner and more cost-effective alternative to Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) is growing. As of 2016, Nigeria had only 6,000 CNG automobiles, compared to 11.7 million total registered vehicles in 2018. However, this number is expected to increase with the adoption of CNG and the soaring PMS price.
The Federal Government’s National Gas Expansion Program (NGEP) aims to deliver at least one million vehicle conversions by the end of 2021. This initiative is part of the government’s plan to make gas the first-choice source for cheaper and cleaner energy.
As of 2024, there are 158 CNG conversion centers in Nigeria. This is a remarkable increase from just 7 centers in 2023. Such growth is expected to continue, with plans to expand to 1,000 conversion centers by 2025. Governmental initiatives have set ambitious target, including training 1,000 mechanics/technicians across the country and developing a CNG manufacturing hub in Ajaokuta, Kogi State.

Economic Benefits of Transitioning
Lower Fuel Costs for Consumers
Again, CNG is significantly less expensive than PMS. In countries where CNG adoption has been successful, such as India and Pakistan, vehicle owners have reported substantial savings on fuel costs.
For Nigerian motorists, especially those in the transportation and logistics sectors, switching to CNG could lead to significant cost reductions, thereby improving profitability and reducing the cost of goods and services
Boosting Domestic Gas Utilization
Nigeria is endowed with vast natural gas reserves, estimated at over 200 trillion cubic feet. However, these resources remain underutilized, with much of the gas flared during oil extraction. Promoting CNG as a transportation fuel provides an opportunity to harness these resources, reduce gas flaring, and enhance the country’s energy security.
Environmental Advantages
Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions
PMS combustion releases high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. In contrast, CNG emits up to 30% less CO2 and virtually no sulphur oxides or particulate matter. By converting to CNG, Nigeria could significantly lower its carbon footprint and fulfill its commitments under the Paris Agreement on climate change.

Improved Air Quality
Urban areas in Nigeria, such as Lagos and Abuja, suffer from severe air pollution due to vehicle emissions. The pollutants released from PMS-powered engines, including nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons, are major contributors to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. CNG-powered vehicles produce fewer harmful emissions, leading to cleaner air and improved public health.
Societal Impact
Job Creation
In the light of this, transition to CNG has the potential to create numerous jobs across various sectors, including gas processing, vehicle retrofitting, and infrastructure development. Establishing CNG refueling stations and maintenance facilities would require skilled labour, thereby providing employment opportunities for thousands of Nigerians.
Enhanced Energy Equity
Switching to CNG can help bridge the energy accessibility gap, particularly for low-income households that rely on expensive petrol-powered generators. By promoting the use of CNG-powered generators, the government can provide affordable and reliable energy solutions to underserved communities.

Challenges to Implementation
Infrastructure Deficits
One of the primary barriers to CNG adoption in Nigeria is the lack of infrastructure. The country has a limited number of CNG refueling stations, and most vehicles are not equipped to run on CNG. Developing a robust infrastructure network requires significant investment and coordinated efforts from the public and private sectors.
Public Awareness and Perception
Many Nigerians are unaware of the benefits of CNG or are skeptical about its reliability and safety. Overcoming this challenge requires targeted awareness campaigns and education initiatives to build public trust and encourage adoption.
Regulatory and Policy Frameworks
The absence of clear policies and incentives to promote CNG adoption has hindered its growth in Nigeria. Developing a comprehensive regulatory framework that includes tax incentives, subsidies for vehicle conversion, and mandates for public transportation fleets to switch to CNG is essential for success.
Strategies for a Successful Transition
Government Initiatives and Policies
The Nigerian government must play a pivotal role in driving the transition to CNG. This includes providing financial incentives for vehicle conversion, establishing public-private partnerships to develop infrastructure, and setting clear targets for the adoption.
The implementation of the “National Gas Expansion Programme” (NGEP) is a step in the right direction, but its success depends on consistent policy execution and stakeholder engagement. – “
Convert Now, Pay Later Scheme: A payment plan that allows vehicle owners to convert their vehicles to run on CNG and pay later through affordable monthly installments.
Private Sector Participation: Private companies can contribute to the development of CNG infrastructure and technology. Encouraging investment in refueling stations, vehicle conversion kits, and gas processing facilities can accelerate the transition. Collaboration between the government and private sector is crucial to ensure a seamless rollout.

Capacity Building and Skill Development
Training programs for technicians and engineers are essential to build a skilled workforce capable of supporting the industry. Partnerships with educational institutions and vocational training centers can help develop the required expertise and ensure the sustainability of the transition.
Public Awareness Campaigns
Raising awareness about the benefits and addressing misconceptions is vital to encourage adoption. Public campaigns through media, workshops, and community outreach programs can help educate citizens and dispel safety concerns.
Growing Concerns on this Transition
In recent times, some Nigerians argue about the efficiency and durability of this transition. Others are skeptical, pointing out that there could be lack of standardisation, competence and safety.
Overall, the debate on PMS to CNG conversion in Nigeria is complex and multifaceted, with valid arguments on both sides. As the industry continues to evolve, it is likely that these debates and controversies will continue to shape the direction of the conversion industry in Nigeria.
Conclusion
Therefore, the conversion of PMS to CNG in Nigeria is not merely an option but a necessity. It offers a pathway to economic stability, environmental sustainability, and improved public health. While challenges exist, they are not insurmountable. With strong government commitment, private sector involvement, and public support, Nigeria can successfully transition to a CNG-based transportation system, setting an example for other developing nations.
As the world moves towards a cleaner and greener future, Nigeria must seize this opportunity to harness its abundant natural gas resources. Undoubtedly, this will reduce dependence on petrol, and build a resilient and sustainable energy economy. The time to act is now.
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